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Unauthorised meeting: The duke and duchess of Windsor visiting Hitler projected a dangerous dual authority by undermining the British government’s position on Germany. Foreign adversaries sought to exploit this. Photo: The Heartfield Community of Heirs/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2020
FOREIGN POLICY

Dangerous game of parallel diplomacy

South Africa faces systemic weaknesses when non-state actors engage in parallel diplomacy, undermining official foreign policy and risking national security and global influence.…

  • Lubabalo Cengani
7 min read